.ds CH
.nr HM .625i
.nr FM 1.0i
.nr PO .50i
.nr PS 10
.nr VS 14
.B
	This is a Glossary of Words Used in Khoros Documentation.
.R
.sp 2
.IP "\fBanimate:\fP" 2
Program that displays an image sequence from a single VIFF image with
multiple bands.  For more information, execute: % vman animate,
or see Chapter 6 of the Khoros User's Manual.
.IP "\fBBIG:\fP" 2
The BIG image file format describes the image format used by Terra-Mar
MicroImage.  This format is based on record sizes of 512.  Record 1
contains all the header information.  The remaining records store image
data one scanline at a time in band-interleaved-by-line (BIL) format,
for any number of bands.  The BIG image file format is supported by
Khoros. For more information, see Chapter 8 of the Khoros Programmer's manual.
.IP "\fBbin:\fP" 2
Directory where all compiled programs, or executables, are located. 
.IP "\fBbinmach:\fP" 2
When a site that has Khoros is supporting multiple machine architectures,
it will have one binmach directory for each machine architecture; in these
directories will be the executables particular to that machine architecture. 
For example, if both DEC and SUN architectures are supported, then 
\fIbindecmips\fP and \fIbinsun4\fP directories are created beneath the 
\fIbinmach\fP directory.  Each of these directories will contain the compiled 
binaries for each supported architecture.  Users will access binaries 
appropriate to the machine which they are using.
.IP "\fBcantata:\fP" 2
Program that creates a visual programming environment for 
accessing the Khoros library of programs.  For more information, 
execute: % vman cantata,  or see Chapter 2 of the Khoros User's Manual.
.IP "\fBCLUI:\fP"  
Command Line User Interface. All Khoros programs have a command line user
interface.  This means that they can be executed from the user's shell, ie,
from the prompt.  
.IP "\fBcomposer:\fP" 2
Program for interactive editing of UIS files,
(*.pane files, *.prog files, and \fBcantata\fP *.sub files) and
program specification files (*.prog files).
For more information, execute: \f(CW% vman composer\fP.
.IP "\fBconcert:\fP" 2
Program for collaboration on a Khoros application program;  a program to run
so that more than one user can "share" the execution of a vroutine.  For more
information, execute: \f(CW% vman concert\fP, or see Chapter 9 of the Khoros
User's Manual.
.IP "\fBconductor:\fP" 2
Program automatically generates code to initialize and extract 
information from the GUI.  It is for use by all application programmers
who intend to create an application that will have a graphical user interface
even when executed from the command line.
For more information, execute: \f(CW% vman conductor\fP.
.IP "\fBdata transport:\fP"
The capabilities implied by the presence of data transport mechanisms.
.IP "\fBdata transport mechanism:\fP"
The data transport mechanisms of Khoros allow you to specify input and output
data for Khoros programs when the data is actually located on a different
machine from which the Khoros programs in question are executed. 
.IP "\fBDEM:\fP" 2
Demographical Elevation Map, specifically the  United States
Geological Survey Demographical Elevation Map.  This is a file format type
supported by Khoros.   USGS DEM
files contain digital elevation map data; it may appear in 7.5-minute data
(in utm meters) or in 1-degree data (in arc seconds).  This file format
is used by GIS programs. For more information, see Chapter 8 of the Khoros 
Programmer's manual.
.IP "\fBdistributed computing\fP" 
See "distributed processing".
.IP "\fBdistributed processing\fP" 
The distributed computing capability of Khoros programs allow you to specify 
on which computer a particular Khoros program is to be executed.
.IP "\fBDLG:\fP" 2
Digital Line Graph; this is a file format type that is supported by Khoros;
it is most often used by GIS programs.  The DLG format is supported by
Khoros; for more information, see Chapter 8 of the Khoros Programmer's manual.
.IP "\fBDSPL, dspl:\fP" 2
Can refer to the Khoros library that contains all digital signal 
processing routines, or the programs that utilize these library routines.  
The dspl library is found in \f(CWKHOROS_HOME/src/dspl/Lib\fP;
All digital signal processing programs start with the letter 'd'.
.IP "\fBeditimage:\fP" 2
Program for interactive image display and manipulation.
For more information, execute: \f(CW% vman editimage\fP, or see Chapter 5 
of the Khoros User's Manual.
.IP "\fBELAS:\fP" 2
ELAS is the file format used by the Science and Technology Laboratory 
Application Software, a  geobased information subsystem.   It was
originally designed for analyzing and processing digital imagery data such
as those collected by multispectral scanners or digitized from maps.
The ELAS format is supported by Khoros; for more information, see Chapter 8
of the Khoros Programmer's manual.
.IP "\fBenvironment variables:\fP" 2
Unix and Unix-like operating systems use environment variables that store 
information about your user environment;  such things as your computer's 
name, directory paths to search for executable programs, your user name,
and your termcap are set using environment variables.  You may print these
environment variables with their current settings using the command, 
\f(CW% printenv\fP.  The Khoros system uses several environment variables.  
All of these can be set using the \fBsetenv\fP command;  however, for the
sake of convenience they should be set at time of login by sourcing a 
.cshrc file that has had modifications made to it so that the
user will be set up properly for use of the Khoros system.  For more 
information, see Chapter 1 of the Khoros User's Manual.
.IP "\fBfile_format:\fP" 2
The Khoros library containing routines to convert different image file formats
to the file format used by Khoros, VIFF.  Currently supported file formats
include: BIG, FITS, TGA, PBM, USGS DEM, DLG, SUN raster, and the GE Signa
raw complex data file.  For more information, execute: 
\f(CW% vman file_format\fP
.IP "\fBFITS:\fP" 2
The FITS image file format describes the standard  astronomical image format.
This format is based on record sizes of 2880 bytes. Khoros supports 2D FITS
images; for more information, see Chapter 8 of the Khoros Programmer's manual.
.IP "\fBform,\fP or \fBforms:\fP" 2
This informal word was adopted early on by the Khoros group, and
is used with various meanings, depending on context.  It may refer
to the graphical user interface of a particular application, eg,
"The forms used in xprism3 are very similar to those used in
xprism2". It is also used interchangably with the word 'xvforms',
meaning the \fIxvforms\fP library, as in "Bugs found in the forms 
are Danielle's problem".  Finally, the word 'form' can also refer to
particular UIS that is used to define the physical appearance of a Khoros
xvroutine. These files are almost always named "*.form", as in, "The form for
editimage is in $KHOROS_HOME/repos/editimage/editimage.form".
.IP "\fBfrequency domain:\fP" 2
Frequency domain image enhancement methods are based on modifying the Fourier
transform of an image, as opposed to spatial domain image enhancement
techniques.  The foundation of frequency domain image processing techniques
is the convolution theorem.
.IP "\fBgetimage:\fP" 2
Program for dumping the contents of a window on a screen running
X11R4 into a VIFF file.  For more information, execute: \f(CW% vman getimage\fP.
.IP "\fBghost, ghosted, ghosting:\fP" 2
Various forms of verbs referring to the process of maintaining a Khoros program
with the \fBghostreader\fP and \fBghostwriter\fP programs. Some examples follow.
"Did you ghost that routine before you installed it?", (ie, did you run
\fBghostreader\fP so that the PS file is up to date?).
"Since I modified the vadd.prog file, vadd needs to be ghosted again",
(ie, i need to re-run \fBghostwriter\fP on vadd to update the source and
man pages).  "Since we added the [-V] option to all Khoros programs, 
the whole system needs ghosting." (ie, all Khoros programs must have 
\fBghostwriter\fP run on them in order for the [-V] option to be put into the
usage statement and the man1 page).
.IP "\fBghostcheck:\fP" 2
A program to check and compare dates on source code, as opposed to its
PS file.  For more information, execute \f(CW% vman ghostcheck\fP, or see 
chapter 5 of the Khoros Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBghostreader:\fP" 2
A program to update a PS file so that it is consistent with the C source code 
and man pages of a Khoros program that was originally created with 
the aid of the \fBghostwriter\fP program. For more information,
execute \f(CW% vman ghostreader\fP,  or see chapter 5 of the Khoros Programmer's
Manual.
.IP "\fBghostwriter:\fP" 2
A program that automatically generates C source code and man pages for the
Khoros program.  Generates code to automatically parse arguments off the 
command line, according to the program's UIS file; fills out code and
documentation according to fields in its Prog File.  For more information,
execute \f(CW% vman ghostwriter\fP, or see chapter 5 of the Khoros Programmer's 
Manual.
.IP "\fBGIS:\fP" 2
Geographical Information System;  programs and algorithms to process, sort, and 
analyze geographical data. 
.IP "\fBGUI:\fP" 2
Graphical User Interface. All Khoros applications have a graphical user 
interface;  the graphical user interface of vroutines only exists via the
\fBcantata\fP visual language, or when displayed by the \fBpreview\fP or
\fBcomposer\fP programs;  xvroutines have a graphical user interface any
time they are executed.
.IP "\fBhighpass filtering:\fP" 2
Image sharpening can be achieved in the frequency domain  by attenuating
the low-frequency components in the Fourier transform of the image;
this is called highpass filtering.
.IP "\fBiconimage:\fP" 2
Program to display an iconified (miniature) version of a VIFF image.
For more information, execute: \f(CW% vman iconimage\fP
.IP "\fBimake, imkmf, Imakefile, Makefile, make\fP": 2
The Khoros system is designed to be run on a variety of platforms
and as such needs a common method which allows Khoros to be compiled
and installed on different architectures.  The method that was chosen uses
\fIImakefiles\fR and the utility \fBimake\fR, the same utility used by MIT with
the X11 source, and \fBimkmf\fR [C\s-4YRUS\s+4] and \fBmakemake\fR,
utilities specially built for Khoros.  Briefly stated, the \fBimkmf\fP program
creates a file called "Imakefile" in your working directory which contains 
your program;  the Imakefile specifies what *.c files are to be compiled, the
libraries your code links against, and the include files that they reference.  
The \fBmakemake\fP program uses the "Imakefile" to create a "Makefile", which
is a much longer file specifying exactly the steps to follow in order to 
compile your program on your particular machine architecture.  Finally, the
\fBmake\fP utility compiles your program with the use of the "Makefile".  
For more information, see Chapter 9 of the Khoros Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBinstallation:\fP" 2
The process of moving a new Khoros program from the work area of the programmer
to its final residence in the Khoros source tree.  Usually, source code and
*.prog files will be located in one directory, the library file in another,
the man1 file with the other man1 files, the man3 file with the other man3 
files, and the UIS file in the repos directory.
.IP "\fBjournal record, journal playback:\fP"
All Khoros xvroutines have a journal record / journal playback capability that
allows you to make journal recording sessions of the program execution, and to
play it back at a later time.  During a journal recording session, the X Events
generated by the X Server (caused by user input) are saved to a file, with
the name of each widget that they came from, and the time delay since the last 
event.  During a journal playback session, the information is read out of the 
file, so that those same X Events can be initiated on the widgets with the same
names, after the specified time delay.  This results in a program execution 
identical to the original one. 
.IP "\fBkernel:\fP"
An NxM matrix of positive and/or negative values that is applied to an equal
area of an image.  Each element of the matrix is multiplied by the pixel
value of the image at the same location;  the values are summed, and the
middle pixel of the image is replaced by the summation. The kernel is
used to perform spatial convolution.  In practice, it can be used to perform
edge detection, filtering, and other functions.
.IP "\fBkinstall:\fP"
This is a utility for programmers of vroutines. It helps one to install a 
vroutine in the Khoros source tree.
.IP "\fBKhoros:\fP"
Khoros is the greek word for "chorus". A definition of a "chorus" is: 
a company of singers or dancers who sing or dance in concert.
We chose the name "Khoros" because we felt that it was symbolic
of our objectives for our software system.  The "singers or dancers"
are the many programs in the Khoros system;  our objective is to
provide a group of programs that will, when used in concert,
provide a harmonious environment for the user.
.IP "\fBKhoros environment, .khoros_env:\fP"
The Khoros system, as a whole, is meant to provide an environment for
using, creating, and maintaining software.  There are several environment
variables that should be set prior to the use of any of Khoros software.
For instance, the most important environment variable that must be set is
KHOROS_HOME.  The KHOROS_HOME environment variable tells where the Khoros
software is located.  All the Khoros environment variables are set in the
file KHOROS_HOME/.khoros_env.  Users of Khoros must either include this
file in their .cshrc files, or have a statement in their .cshrc file that
sources this file.  When the .khoros_env file is included in the user's 
.cshrc file, Khoros environment variables can be changed as desired without
affecting other users.
.IP "\fBKhoros Image File Format:\fP"
See VIFF.
.IP "\fBKhoros Images:\fP"
Images that are stored in VIFF file format (see VIFF).
.IP "\fBKhoros Source Tree:\fP"
The directory structure beneath the $KHOROS_HOME/src directory, that contains
source code for all Khoros programs.
.IP "\fBkmakeall:\fP"
A utility for use instead of \fBmake\fP when a site supports Khoros
on multiple machine architectures.
.IP "\fBkraftsman:\fP
This program is for interactive creation and manipulation of Toolboxes.
It provides mechanisms to list information, delete, and create toolboxes.  
At this time it is only partially completed.
.IP "\fBksrcconf:\fP"
\fBKsrcconf\fP is a tool for use when a site supports multiple machine
architectures.  It creates srcmach trees automatically by creating a directory
structure that mimics the Khoros source tree, and creating symbolic links to
all *.c, and *.h files. 
.IP "\fBlibmach:\fP"
When a site that has Khoros supports different machine architectures, there
must be a different location for libraries created for each of the 
architectures.  Similar to the binmach directory, a libmach directory is 
created with a separate subdirectory for each architecture. If for example
a site supports both DEC and SUN4 architectures, two subdirectories will be 
created:  libdecmips\ and libsun4.  Each of these directories will contain 
the compiled libraries for each supported architecture.
.IP "\fBlowpass filtering:\fP"
Image smoothing can be achieved in the frequency domain by attenuating
a specified range of high-frequency components in the Fourier transform
of the image;  this is called lowpass filtering.
.IP "\fBmach file:\fP"
A mach file contains information specific for a particular
installation site.  It contains the name of the Khoros user, the
names of the machines, and the proper paths to the source and
srcmach directories for each of the machine architectures that
source will be compiled on.  \fBKsrcconf\fP and \fBkmakeall\fP 
use a \fImach\fP file to sort out the correct paths to the top 
level of source for each machine.  For more information, see Chapter 9 of
the Khoros Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBmake:\fP"
\fBMake\fP is a program to compile your program under Khoros.  It operates
using a Makefile.  See 'imake'.  For more information, see Chapter 9
of the Khoros Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBmorphology:\fP"
In general, morphology refers to the study of form and structure; 
The morphological approach is generally based upon the analysis of a 
two-valued image in terms of some predetermined geometric shape known 
as a structuring element. Essentially, the manner in which the structuring 
element fits into the image is studied.  The morphological operations can 
be employed for many purposes, including edge detection, segmentation, and 
enhancement of images.
.IP "\fBMRI:\fP"
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive technique of creating images
detailing the inside of the human body.  The MRI technique employs
a magnet to create a strong, steady magnetic field which causes the protons
in the body to line up and spin in the same direction.  A radio frequency
(RF) signal is then beamed into the magnetic field, forcing the protons to move
out of alignment.  When the RF signal stops, the protons move back to their
aligned position, releasing energy.  The energy released by the disturbed
protons is measured by a receiver coil, along with the time it takes the
protons to return to their aligned position.  These measurements provide
information about the type of tissue in which the protons lie, as well as
its condition.  Images are constructed using these measurements which show the
distribution of protons of certain atoms (usually hydrogen).
Examples of MRI images are \f(CW$KHOROS_HOME/data/images/head.xv\fP and 
\f(CW$KHOROS_HOME/data/images/spine.xv\fP.
.IP "\fBPBM:\fP"
Portable Bitmap/Pixmap; this file format was introduced into the public
domain by Jeff Poskanzer in 1989 and since then has become very popular
as an X image file format.  Khoros supports the PBM file format; for more
information, see Chapter 8 of the Khoros Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBpreview:\fP"
Program to view and edit a UIS file.
For more information, execute: % vman preview
.IP "\fBProg File:\fP"
See PS file.  Also referred to as *.prog file, .prog file, 
program specification file.
.IP "\fBPS: \fP" 2
Program Specification.  
.IP "\fBPS file:\fP"
The file which contains the Program Specification for a program in the Khoros
system.  These files are found along with the drivers of programs; they
are always named *.prog, where * is the name of the program.  They are
specifically for use with the \fBghostwriter\fP and \fBghostreader\fP
code generation and code maintenance programs. For more
information on PS files (also referred to as '.prog files' or 'prog files') 
see Chapter 5 of the Khoros Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBpseudocoloring:\fP"
In pseudocoloring, the objective is to assign a color to each pixel value
based, for example, on its intensity.  The range of techniques for color
assignment are limited only by the number of planes on display used and the
imagination of the user.  Pseudocoloring is a way to make subtle differences
in grey-scale pixel values very obvious to the human eye.  Pseudocoloring
can often bring out information that is difficult to detect and interpret
in a monochrome image.
.IP "\fBputimage:\fP"
A non-interactive display program for displaying VIFF images.
For more information, execute: \f(CW% vman putimage\fP.
.IP "\fBspatial domain:\fP"
In image processing, the term spatial domain refers to the 
aggregate of pixels making up an image;
spatial domain methods of image enhancement are procedures that operate
directly on these pixels, as opposed to frequency domain methods of image
enhancement.
.IP "\fBspectrum:\fP"
Spectrum is an interactive signal/image classification package which aids
the user in classifying image data.  Not directly part of the Khoros system,
the spectrum program may be acquired separately via anonymous ftp to 
pprg.eece.unm.edu;  it is located in /pub/khoros/toolbox/classify.
.IP "\fBsrc:\fP"
The Khoros directory containing all subdirectories in which C source code
may be found.
.IP "\fBsrcmach:\fP"
When a site that has Khoros supports multiple machine architectures,
a srcmach tree is created for each architecture.  The srcmach tree mimics
the layout of the Khoros source tree; it is created by creating symbolic 
links to the files in the Khoros source tree, and compiling for each 
architecture.  Thus, the srcmach tree looks like the Khoros source tree, but
all *.c files are symbolically linked, and *.o files, *.a files, and executables
are particular to that architecture.
.IP "\fBSUN Raster:\fP"
The SUN Raster file format is the file format created and supported by
SUN Microsystems.   Khoros supports the SUN Raster file format; for more
information, see Chapter 8 of the Khoros Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBtemplate:\fP"
A template is a file which provides a general model for other files of the 
same type.  For instance, Khoros contains Imakefile templates that are used
by \fBimkmf\fP to create a fresh Imakefile the first time it is used in a
working source directory.  A template *.prog file is created by 
\fBghostwriter\fP  when no other *.prog file exists in the working directory.
.IP "\fBTGA:\fP"
Truevision defined the TGA file format in 1984 for use with its first
videographics products, since then, it has become popular for the storage
of color images, and has been widely accepted by the graphics industry.
Khoros supports the TGA file format; for more
information, see Chapter 8 of the Khoros Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBToolbox:\fP"
When any new programs are added to the Khoros system, they must be installed
in a Toolbox.  A toolbox is simply a directory structure whose layout and
contents mimic those of $KHOROS_HOME.  A complete explanation of Toolboxes
is contained at the end of Chapter 1 (Writing Programs) of the Khoros
Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBToolbox file:\fP"
The Toolbox file defines which toolboxes
are accessable to you as a user;  for example, if you want access to the
"vfrog" program that is installed in the "amphibians" toolbox, you must
have a Toolbox file containing an entry that references the "amphibians"
toolbox.
.IP "\fBtransport mechanism:\fP"
See "data transport mechanism".
.IP "\fBUIDS:\fP"
User Interface Development System.  A general term referring to the UIS file,
and all those Khoros programs used when creating a user interface - 
\fBghostwriter\fP, \fBconductor\fP, \fBpreview\fP, and \fBconductor\fP.  
.IP "\fBUIS:\fP"
User Interface Specification.  Explained in detail in Chapter 2 of the Khoros 
Programmer's manual.  A UIS provides the specification for both the command l
ine and the graphical user interface of a program.  
.IP "\fBUIS file:\fP"
The file that gives the User Interface Specification for a program in
the Khoros system.  These files may be found in the \f(CWKHOROS_HOME/repos\fP
and in the \f(CWKHOROS_CONTRIB/repos\fP directories,  or with the source
code for a particular program.  When a UIS file is to specify the command
line user interface for a program that is to be integrated into cantata,
and \fBghostwriter\fP is to be used to automatically generate the
code to do command line parsing, the UIS file is named *.pane;  
when a UIS file is to specify the graphical user interface for a 
program that will have a graphical user interface when executed from
the command line, and will be used with conductor, the UIS file is named
*.form.  For more information, see Chapter 2 of the Khoros Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBverror:\fP"
The Khoros library containing verification routines for various types of
checking of fields in the VIFF data structure.
The verror library is found in KHOROS_HOME/src/Lib/verror.
For more information, execute: \f(CW% vman verror\fP, or see Chapter 8 of the
Khoros Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBvexpr:\fP"
The Khoros library which contains routines to set
variables defined by the user, to parse mathematical expres-
sions input by the user utilizing variables that have been
previously set, and evaluate these expressions.  The vexpr library
utilizes Lex and Yacc. It is used
mainly by cantata to implement the control loops available
in the visual language; however, it is available for other
applications - for example, an application that implements
interactive mathematical computation might find the vexpr
library useful. For more information, execute: \f(CW% vman vexpr\fP, or 
see Chapter 8 of the Khoros Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBviewimage:\fP"
Program to drape VIFF image data over VIFF elevation data.
For more information, execute: \f(CW% vman viewimage\fP or see Chapter 7 of the
Khoros User's Manual.
.IP "\fBVIFF:\fP"
The file format used by all programs in the Khoros system.  Image
files to be used as input to Khoros programs must first be converted
to VIFF form.  Khoros provides a library 
(KHOROS_HOME/src/file_formats/Lib) of bi-directional conversion routines
which will convert the following file formats to VIFF and vice versa:
ascii, BIG, GIF, Sun Raster, TARGA, TIFF, raw floating point,
X11 bitmap, X11 image, X11 window dump, FITS.  VIFF file format is also
referred to in lower case, and as "Khoros Image File Format'.
Note that all indexing of image bands starts at 0 and goes to N-1, where N 
is the number of bands in the image.  For more information, see Chapter 1 of
the Khoros Programmer's Manual. 
.IP "\fBVIFF data structure:\fP"
The internal representation of a file in VIFF format, within C code,  
as in struct xvimage *image.  The definition of the internal VIFF structure
can be found in \f(CWKHOROS_HOME/include/viff.h\fP.
.IP "\fBVIPL, vipl, ipl:\fP"
Can refer to the Khoros library that contains all image processing routines,
or the programs that utilize these library routines.
The vipl library is found in KHOROS_HOME/src/vipl/Lib;
all image processing routines will start with the letter 'v'.
.IP "\fBvgparm:\fP"
The Khoros library containing many useful routines that perform 
miscellaneous tasks, most of which deal with I/O, and many of which 
perform command line parsing functions. 
The verror library is found in KHOROS_HOME/src/Lib/vgparm.
For more information, execute: \f(CW% vman vgparm\fP, or see Chapter 8 of the
Khoros Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBvmath:\fP"
The Khoros library containing routines that perform various types of
mathematical operations.
The vmath library is found in KHOROS_HOME/src/Lib/vmath.
For more information, execute: \f(CW% vman vmath\fP, or see Chapter 8 of the
Khoros Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBvrast:\fP"
The Khoros library containing  routines to perform bilinear interpolated
raster fills.
The vrast library is found in KHOROS_HOME/src/Lib/vrast.
For more information, execute: \f(CW% vman vrast\fP, or see Chapter 8 of the
Khoros Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBvroutines:\fP"
A general term referring to Khoros programs that only have a graphical user
interface when accessed from \fBcantata\fP, or when that graphical user 
interface is deliberately displayed with \fBpreview\fP or \fBcomposer\fP.
When executed from the command line, vroutines have no graphical user interface.
Most Khoros programs are vroutines;  some examples include \fBvadd, vconvert\fP,
and \fBvfileinfo\fP.  For a more detailed explanation of the term 
\fIvroutine\fP versus the term \fIxvroutine\fP, see Chapter 1 of the Khoros 
Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBvutils:\fP"
The Khoros library containing routines used to perform general
image and ascii file manipulations. This includes operations
to read and write images, adjust the organization of image
data, create and copy information provided by the VIFF
header structure, and machine  type conversions for the VIFF
structure.  The vutils library is found in KHOROS_HOME/src/Lib/vutils.
For more information, execute: \f(CW% vman vutils\fP, or see Chapter 8 of the
Khoros Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBwarpimage:\fP"
Program to create tiepoints on a source image to a target image,
and perform image warping according to the tiepoints created.
For more information, execute: \f(CW% vman warpimage\fP, or see Chapter 8 of
the Khoros User's Manual.
.IP "\fBwarping:\fP"
Image warping refers to the process of altering the spatial properties of an
image by performing a transformation in which the old coordinates of
a pixel are mapped to a new location by a polynomial relationship.
For more information, try \f(CW% vman vwarp\fP or \f(CW% vman warpimage\fP.
.IP "\fBXdefaults:\fP"
The X Windowing System uses a file named ".Xdefaults" to set certain options
such as color of windows, size of windows, and so on.  This file is read by
X Windows-based applications during startup to customize the appearance or 
characteristics of their windows.  If you modify your .Xdefaults file at any
time, and want the changes to take effect during the next run of an X Windows -
based application, you must execute: \f(CW% xrdb\fP \fI.Xdefaults file\fP.
See the example found in \f(CW$KHOROS_HOME/dotfiles/.Xdefaults\fP.
.IP "\fBxvdisplay:\fP"
The Khoros library that contains utilities to aid in displaying
Khoros images on workstations under X Windows, Release 11, Version 4.
The xvdisplay library is found in
KHOROS_HOME/src/xvroutines/Lib/xvdisplay.
For more information, do \f(CW% vman xvdisplay\fP
.IP "\fBxvforms:\fP"
The Khoros library containing all routines for the graphical
user interface, except for independant utilities, which are
found in the xvutils library.  Note that all these routines
use the X Toolkit and/or the Athena Widget set.
The xvforms library is found in KHOROS_HOME/src/xvroutines/Lib/xvforms.
For more information, do \f(CW% vman xvforms\fP, or see Chapter 2 and Chapter
8 of the Khoros Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBxvgraphics:\fP"
The Khoros library containing all  routines that perform the
graphics functions that are used by applications such as the
xprism2 and xprism3 plotting packages.There are a great
number of routines available, to help the application programmer 
in plotting, displaying text, using vector fonts,
sending output to printers, and performing many other operations. 
The xvgraphics library is found in 
KHOROS_HOME/src/xvroutines/Lib/xvgraphics.
For more information, execute: \f(CW% vman xvgraphics\fP or see Chapter 8 of
the Khoros Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBxvroutines:\fP"
A general reference to all applications that must link against 
at least one of the following Khoros libraries that use X11R4: 
xvforms, xvutils, xvdisplay, xvplot, xvgraphics, xvparser,
and xvexpr.  They are located in KHOROS_HOME/src/xvroutines.  
Imakefiles for these are generated with the [-type xprog] option. 
Most have a graphical user interface even when executed 
from the command line, and therefore must use conductor to 
generate code that extracts information from the graphical user 
interface.  Currently, the xvroutines include: 
animate, cantata, composer, conductor, editimage, 
getimage, iconimage, preview, putimage, ghostreader, ghostwriter,
viewimage, warpimage, xprism2, xprism3, xverror, xvhelp, xvupdate,
and xvviewer.  For a more detailed explanation of the term \fIxvroutine\fP
versus the term \fIvroutine\fP, see Chapter 1 of the Khoros Programmer's Manual.
.IP "\fBxvutils:\fP"
The Khoros library containing all independant graphical user
interface utilities.  Note that all these routines use the X
Toolkit and/or the Athena Widget set.  The xvutils library is found in
KHOROS_HOME/src/xvroutines/Lib/xvutils. For more information,
execute: \f(CW% vman xvutils\fP, or see Chapter 8 of the Khoros Programmer's
Manual.
.IP "\fBxprism2:\fP"
Plotting Package for plotting in two dimensions.
For more information, execute: \f(CW% vman xprism2\fP, or see Chapter 3 of the
Khoros User's Manual.
.IP "\fBxprism3:\fP"
Plotting Package for plotting in three dimensions.
For more information, execute: \f(CW% vman xprism3\fP, or see Chapter 4 of the
Khoros User's Manual.
