There is a reading assignment, and a short written assignment (see bottom
of document).
Reading assignment:
Generally, for this class, don't feel that you absolutely must read
every single reading. You probably won't have time. Skim through the readings,
and read more thoroughly, at your leisure, the ones that you think you
will get the a lot out of.
If you attend the lectures and pay close attention, you should already
know most of what you need to do a satisfactory (though maybe not excellent)
job on the written assignment. But still, for each lecture, try to also
read at least one or two of its corresponding readings, and as many of
the others as you have time for.
Also, don't worry if you don't understand every bit of what you read.
In this course we will be reading materials that span a wide range of levels
of depth and sophistication, and not everyone will understand every phrase
and formula in every paper. (Not even myself!) Just skim over any elements
that you don't comprehend, and try to get what you can out of the remainder
of the article.
Try to read some of the readings for each lecture either shortly before
that lecture, or soon afterwards (before the next lecture), so that you
can more easily relate the readings to the lecture in your mind.
Lecture 1 (Course Intro): Moore's Law vs.
Known Physics:
This next article is a little dated, but it is still a good introduction
to some of the major concerns in semiconductor scaling.
-
Gary Stix, "Towards `Point One'", Scientific American, Feb. 1995. On course
reserve.
-
Gordon Moore, "An Update on Moore's Law", Intel
Developer Forum keynote speech, Sep. 30, 1997. Original online at http://developer.intel.com/pressroom/archive/speeches/gem93097.htm.
Multimedia (audio/video/slides) at http://developer.intel.com/design/idf/archive/sept97/index.htm.
-
Steven Weinberg, "A
Unified Physics by 2050?", Scientific American, Dec. 1999, pp.
68-75. On the web at http://www.sciam.com/1999/1299issue/1299weinberg.html.
-
Sections "Introduction" and "Overall Roadmap Technology Characteristics"
in SEMATECH, International
Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (1999 Edition). Available
online from http://www.itrs.net/1999_SIA_Roadmap/Home.htm.
We will delve more deeply into the roadmap later; for now just read these
introductory sections to get the gist of what is going on.
Lecture 2: Physical locality and the Speed-of-light
limit:
In this next paper, Hillis mentions the impact of locality on computation.
Hillis is one of the inventors of the Connection Machine, one of the top
lines of parallel supercomputers in the 80's and early 90's. We're getting
a bit ahead of ourselves here (anticipating part VI of the course, on Physics-Based
Models of Computation), but that's OK.
-
W. Daniel Hillis, "New Computer Architectures and Their Relationship of
Physics, or Why Computer Science Is No Good,"
International Journal
of Theoretical Physics 21(3/4), 1982. On reserve
at Marston.
This next paper analyzes some implications of the speed-of-light constraint
on computing.
This next one takes it even farther. This is a great paper.
Believe it or not, there are competent physicists who are seriously investigating
whether some form of faster-than-light travel might still be consistent
with known physics. (This wouldn't necessarily mean it's really possible,
just that we can't conclusively rule it out yet.) Most results are pessimistic,
but it is interesting to see the approaches being investigated. The following
article and its references are a reasonable entry point into this literature.
-
Lawrence H. Ford and Thomas A. Roman, "Negative energy, wormholes and warp
drive." Scientific American, January 2000. Will be available through Marston
course reserve.
Lectures 3+4: Quantum limits on information density
& processing rates:
This lecture was originally planned to just be lecture 3, but it turned
out to require two class periods, so it is really lectures 3+4.
For those who are interested, I added the following article by Bekenstein
which is the original article that introduced his bound on entropy density.
I think it is a better introduction to this bound than his later (1984)
paper.
-
Jacob D. Bekenstein, "Universal upper bound on the entropy-to-energy ratio
for bounded systems," Physical Review D, 23(2):287-298, 15
Jan. 1981. On reserve.
-
Jacob D. Bekenstein, "Entropy content and information flow in systems with
limited energy," Physical Review D, 30(8), Oct. 1984. On
reserve
at Marston.
Bekenstein's bounds originally arose out of work on black-hole physics
by himself and the famous Stephen Hawking.
-
Warren D. Smith, "Fundamental physical limits on computation," May 1995,
http://external.nj.nec.com/homepages/wds/fundphys.ps
(PDF http://www.cise.ufl.edu/~mpf/fundphys.pdf).
-
Warren D. Smith, "Fundamental
physical limits on information storage," May 1999. Online at http://external.nj.nec.com/homepages/wds/memorybound.ps
(PS format) or http://www.cise.ufl.edu/~mpf/memorybound.pdf
(PDF).
-
Norman Margolus and Lev Levitin, "The
maximum speed of dynamical evolution", in PhysComp '96 (Proceedings
of the Fourth Workshop of Physics and Computation). Available in Physica
D 120(1/2), 1998, at http://www.interjournal.org, or at http://arXiv.org/abs/quant-ph/?9710043.
Additional background material:
Those students who don't already have a thorough background in Computer
Science might want to begin catching up a bit by familiarizing themselves
with some of the major concepts of computation and information, using either
or both the following readings, over the next several weeks:
And students without knowledge of the basics of semiconductor technology
should begin catching up by reading:
-
Chapters 7, "Physical Aspects of Computation," in Anthony Hey (ed),
Robin Allen (ed), and Richard Feynman, Feynman
Lectures on Computation, Perseus Books, Sep. 1996.
Also, students who haven't had much general physics might also want to
start poking through physics textbooks, especially anything covering basic
concepts of electricity, special relativity and quantum mechanics. Advanced
students with a good physics background might want to try tackling Warren
Smith's notes on Quantum Mechanics (below), although these are difficult,
and later, we will cover in class most of the basic aspects of quantum
mechanics that you will really need to know.
Written assignment: (due Wed. 1/19)
Write an informal 1-2 page paper in which you may do any of the following,
at your option. Please indicate at the top of your paper which option(s)
you are pursuing. Please also write concisely and neatly; computer preparation
of papers is preferred. If you wish, you may email
me your paper.
You should finish your paper before class on the due date and
turn it in at the start of class (or email it before class).
Your grade on the assignment will be based primarily on my subjective
assessment of your current level of participation and involvement in the
course, as reflected by the content of your paper. Higher quality work
will be expected from graduate students than from undergraduates. Generally,
the higher-numbered options below will be taken as indicating a greater
level of involvement, although you can get an A for any option, if you
do an excellent job on it.
Options:
-
Summarize what you learned from this week's lectures and/or readings.
-
Write a summary, review, or critique of one or more of the articles/chapters
that you read.
-
Describe and elaborate on any creative or interesting ideas/thoughts relating
to the subject matter that might have been stimulated in your mind as you
were listening to/reading/reflecting on the material.
-
Set up and carry out any interesting analysis or calculation relating to
any of the quantitative/technical ideas covered during the week.
-
Teach me something that you know from your own background or prior studies
that relates to this week's material, that was not covered in lecture or
readings.
-
If you think that some statement that was made in lecture or in one of
the readings is wrong (or inaccurate), write a coherent argument explaining
why it appears to be wrong, and suggest what correct alternative statement
could be made instead.
-
Do a bit of research on your own using one or two readings not specifically
assigned, which relate to this material. (You may use the web and/or the
library.) Summarize what you learned and cite your references.