CIS 6930.3753X Spr.'02
Readings for Part II:
Fundamental Physical Constraints on Computation
Continue following the general advice
on reading assignments from the previous readings page.
Index to the below:
The following is my own review article which I just published
in this area:
Lecture 7: Physical locality, the
Speed-of-light limit, and its implications:
If you want to learn some of the basic physics underlying the lightspeed
limit:
-
Any college physics textbook will have something about it. E.g.,
Sears et al., University Physics, 6th ed., Addison-Wesley,
1982, has relevant chapters 37, "Electromagnetic Waves;" 38, "The Nature
and Propagation of Light;" 43, "Relativistic Mechanics."
-
Albert Einstein, Relativity, Crown Publishers, New York, 1961.
A popular exposition.
-
Robert M. Wald, General Relativity, U. Chicago press, 1984.
General relativity generalizes relativistic mechanics to include accelerated
motion & gravity.
Some references for the point that quantum mechanics is local, and
does not violate relativity!
In this next paper, Hillis mentions the impact of locality on computation.
Hillis is one of the inventors of the Connection Machine, one of the top
lines of parallel supercomputers in the 80's and early 90's. We're getting
a bit ahead of ourselves here (anticipating part VI of the course, on Physics-Based
Models of Computation), but that's OK.
-
W. Daniel Hillis, "New Computer Architectures and Their Relationship of
Physics, or Why Computer Science Is No Good,"
International Journal
of Theoretical Physics 21(3/4), 1982. On reserve
at Marston.
This next paper analyzes some implications of the speed-of-light constraint
on computing.
This next one takes it even farther. This is a great paper.
Believe it or not, there are competent physicists who are seriously investigating
whether some form of faster-than-light travel might still be consistent
with known physics. (This wouldn't necessarily mean it's really possible,
just that we can't conclusively rule it out yet.) Most results are
pessimistic, but it is interesting to see the approaches being investigated.
The following article and its references are a reasonable entry point into
this literature.
-
Lawrence H. Ford and Thomas A. Roman, "Negative energy, wormholes and warp
drive." Scientific American, January 2000. Will be available through Marston
course reserve.
Lecture 8: Quantum limits on
information density:
-
Lecture slides: PhysLimL08.ppt
-
Homework: Lec06-08-hw.html
-
[text] Lecture notes & slides from Y2k
lectures 3+4, blue book pp. 25-31.
-
[text] Green book, section 2.2, "Information density limits."
-
Michael Frank, "Physical Limits of Computing," article under revision for
IEEE Computing in Science & Engineering magazine, draft of Jan.
2002: .ps, .pdf.
Bounds from quantum field theory:
-
Warren D. Smith, "Fundamental physical limits on computation," May 1995,
http://external.nj.nec.com/homepages/wds/fundphys.ps
(PDF http://www.cise.ufl.edu/~mpf/fundphys.pdf).
-
Warren D. Smith, "Fundamental
physical limits on information storage," May 1999. Online at http://external.nj.nec.com/homepages/wds/memorybound.ps
(PS format) or http://www.cise.ufl.edu/~mpf/memorybound.pdf
(PDF).
-
Seth Lloyd, "Ultimate physical limits to computation," Nature 406:1047-1054,
31 Aug. 2000. Nature online is not currently available
from UF, but you can access the following preprint Seth gave me: Lloyd00.ps,
Lloyd00.pdf.
Here are Bekenstein's papers on his general bounds, which are independent
of, for example, the number of particle species. Bekenstein's bounds
originally arose out of work on black-hole thermodynamics by himself and
the famous Stephen Hawking.
-
Jacob D. Bekenstein, "Universal upper bound on the entropy-to-energy ratio
for bounded systems," Physical Review D, 23(2):287-298, 15
Jan. 1981. Scanned for class: Bekenstein81.pdf.
-
Jacob D. Bekenstein, "Entropy content and information flow in systems with
limited energy," Physical Review D, 30(8), Oct. 1984.
Scanned: Bekenstein84.pdf.
-
J.D. Bekenstein, "Limitations on quantum information from black hole physics,"
preprint dated 30 Sep. 2001, http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0110005.
Papers on the controversy about whether black holes destroy infropy:
Lecture 9: Limits on communication
bandwidth, and bandwidth density
-
Lecture slides: PhysLimL09.ppt
-
Homework: Lec09-hw.html
-
Readings from course textbooks:
-
Section "entropy/information flux" in lecture
notes from Y2k lecs. 3+4, blue book pp. 29-30.
-
Section 2.3, "Information flux rate limits," in green book,
pp. 38-40.
-
See also the papers by Smith and Lloyd from lecture #8.
-
Chapter 4, "Coding and information theory" in Feynman Lectures on Computation
-
A good book on communication theory is Hamming's Coding and Information
Theory
-
Other readings:
Lecture 10: Nature of energy, limit
on rate of state-change, and wrap-up.
The below readings address the limit on transition rates, but not the different
types of energy, which is a new topic for this course that really needs
to be moved to an earlier lecture on key thermodynamics concepts, and that
I haven't collected many readings on yet.
-
Textbook readings:
-
Section "Processing Rates" in lecture notes
from Y2k lecs. 3+4, blue book pp. 30 & 48.
-
Section 2.4, "Computation rate limits" in green book,
pp. 40-41.
-
Other readings:
-
Norman Margolus and Lev Levitin, "The
maximum speed of dynamical evolution", in PhysComp '96 (Proceedings
of the Fourth Workshop of Physics and Computation). Available in Physica
D 120(1/2), 1998, at http://www.interjournal.org, or at http://arXiv.org/abs/quant-ph/?9710043.
-
Section 1 of Seth Lloyd, "Ultimate physical limits to computation," Nature406:1047-1054,
31 Aug. 2000. Nature online is not currently available
from UF, but you can access the following preprint Seth gave me: Lloyd00.ps,
Lloyd00.pdf.
-
Smith '98, "The Energy-Time Uncertainty Principle," http://external.nj.nec.com/homepages/wds/etuncert2TR.ps.