CIS 4930.1194X/6930.1078X
Spr.'00
Assignment #6 (Course Part IV, Weeks 7-8)
Misc. Future Computing Technologies
Please continue to follow the general
advice on reading assignments from the
first week's assignment.
Reading assignment:
For these two weeks we will be covering a wide variety of miscellaneous
interesting possibilities for radical future computing technologies (well
beyond semiconductor technology).
The following chapter of the course manuscript briefly summarizes some
properties of some of the technologies we will be covering, and analyzes
the benefit of reversibility under the various technologies.
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Chapter 8, "Future reversible device technologies," in Michael Frank, "Reversibility
for Efficient Computing," manuscript of Dec. 1999. Green course reader
available at bookstore, also online at http://www.cise.ufl.edu/~mpf/manuscript.
Lectures 18-19: Superconducting logic circuits
Here's a little bit of background information on the properties of superconductors.
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Section 14-1, "Superconductivity," pp. 484-492 of Robert Eisberg and Robert
Resnick, Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particles
(Second Edition), Wiley, 1985. Section will be on reserve.
This chapter from the famous Feynman Lectures on Physics contains
further depth and discusses the Josephson junction, which is the primary
active element in most superconducting circuits.
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Chapter 21, "The Schroedinger Equation in a Classical Context: A Seminar
on Superconductivity," in Richard Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics,
Volume III, Addison-Wesley, 1965. Chapter will be on reserve.
This article, though it does not talk about computational applications
of superconducting per se, gives an interesting and insightful discussion
of how electrodynamics (Maxwell's equations) can be understood to follow
simply from the quantum wave mechanics of electrons, as illustrated by
their behavior in superconducting materials. This article is also
somewhat helpful for understanding some properties of superconductors.
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Carver Mead, "Collective Electrodynamics I", Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci.
USA 94:6013-6018, June 1997. Reprinted as chapter 4 of
Anthony Hey, ed., Feynman and Computation (in bookstore).
This article (which I also assigned in week 2) describes an early Josephson-junction
logic style that is reversible and is shown to be capable of less than
kT
dissipation per operation.
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Konstantin Likharev, "Classical and Quantum Limitations on Energy Consumption
in Computation," International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 21(3/4):311-326,
1982. On reserve.
This brief introductory article describes a later, more thoroughly developed
Josephson-junction logic technique, "Rapid Single Flux Quantum", that has
been experimentally verified to operate at frequencies in the hundreds
of gigahertz.
This is a longer, more detailed and technical review of the RSFQ technique.
This paper describes how RSFQ is being used in a planned PetaFLOPS-scale
supercomputer.
And, here is a web page with a rich archive of other papers on RSFQ.
Here is a paper on (relatively) high-temperature superconducting devices.
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Alex Braginski, "High Temperature Josephson Devices," Physica C
nos. 185-189 (1991), pp. 391-400. North-Holland. Will be on
reserve.
Lectures 20-21: DNA computing
An introductory article from the guy who started the field (fad?):
His original article that started things going:
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Leonard M. Adleman, "Molecular Computation of Solutions to Combinatorial
Problems," Science 266:1021-1024, 11 Nov. 1994. Will be on reserve.
physlim/readings/Adleman94.pdf
My own (abandoned) PhD proposal on DNA computing:
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Michael P. Frank, "Cyclic Mixture Mutagenesis for DNA-Based Computing,"
Sep. 1995. Online in HTML,
PDF,
and Postscript.
This next paper is very important because (in contrast to all the others)
it presents a more pessimistic side of the DNA computing coin, which I
am sympathetic with. After working in the field, I personally feel
it's unlikely that DNA computing will ever be a competitive computing technology.
See this paper for some reasons.
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Warren Smith, "An opinionated, but reasonably short, summary of the Mini
DIMACS Workshop on DNA based computers, held at Princeton University on
April 4 1995", April 1995. PDF
Some interesting articles from the first DNA computing workshop:
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Warren Smith and Allan Schweitzer, "DNA computers in vitro and vivo", NEC
technical report, March 1995. PDF
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Richard J. Lipton, "DNA Solution of Hard Computational Problems," Science
268:542-545, 28 April 1995. Will be on reserve. physlim/readings/Lipton95.pdf
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Donald Beaver, "A Universal Molecular Computer," Feb. 1995
This next one I find particularly interesting as it shows how to compute
1-D and 2-D cellular automata using self-assembly of 2-D and 3-D DNA structures.
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Erik Winfree, "On the Computational Power of DNA Annealing and Ligation,"
1st DIMACS workshop of DNA computing, May 1995. PDF
Slightly more recent articles:
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Dan Boneh and Richard Lipton, "Making DNA Computers Error Resistant,"
2nd annual DIMACS workshop on DNA computing, 1996. http://www.cise.ufl.edu/~mpf/bioerror.pdf
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D. Boneh, C. Dunworth, R. Lipton, and J. Sgall. "On the computational
power of DNA," In Discrete Applied Mathematics, Special Issue on Computational
Molecular Biology, Vol. 71 (1996), pp. 79--94. http://www.cise.ufl.edu/~mpf/biocircuit.pdf
Computation via control of protein transcription in living cells:
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Thomas Knight and Gerald Sussman, "Cellular Gate Technology," in Unconventional
Models of Computation, Springer, 1998. PDF
Some good web sites:
Lecture 22: Nano-mechanical logic
The primary work in this area has been done by the molecular-nanotechnology
pioneers/visionaries Eric Drexler and Ralph Merkle.
Here is Drexler's treatise on nano-mechanical "rod logic":
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"Nanomechanical Computational Systems," Chapter 12 of K. Eric Drexler,
Nanosystems,
Wiley Inter-Science, 1992. Chapter will be on electronic reserve.
I will also place the entire book on reserve (for physical checkout).
Here is Merkle's article on a couple of different reversible mechanical
logics.
Lecture 23: Molecular Electronics
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James Ellenbogen & J. Christopher Love, "Architectures for molecular
electronic computers: 1. Logic structures and an adder built from molecular
electronic diodes.", MITRE corporation research report, 1999, http://www.mitre.org/centers/wc3/nanotech/Arch_for_MolecElec_Comp_1.html.
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Madhu Menon & Deepak Srivastava, "Carbon nanotube based molecular electronic
devices," Journal of Materials Research 13(9):2357-2362,
Sep. 1998. Will be on reserve.
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Dennis Bray, "Protein molecules as computational elements in living cells,"
Nature376:307-312,
27 July 1995. Will be on reserve.
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Robert R. Birge, "Protein-Based Computers," Scientific American,
March 1995, pp. 90-95. Will be on reserve.
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J. Chen et al., "Large On-Off Ratios and Negative Differential Resistance
in a Molecular Electronic Device," Science 286:1550-1552,
19 November 1999. Will be on reserve.
Written assignment #6: (due Mon. 3/13, just after Spr. break)
This is our standing written assignment. It should be on the subject
of the above lectures and reading material.