Blue-highlighted publications are significant HCI innovations
Green-highlighted publications are significant medical
education innovations
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Journal and Conference Publications |
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2008 |
Quarles, J., Lampotang,
S., Fischler, I., Fishwick, P., and B. Lok, “A Mixed Reality System for
Enabling Collocated After Action Review" (To appear) 7th IEEE and ACM
International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality - ISMAR 2008, Sept
15-18, Cambridge, UK. Presented after-action
review of a system using mixed reality by both students and educators |
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Rossen, B., Johnsen, K.,
Deladisma, A., Lind, D., and B. Lok. Virtual Humans Elicit Skin-Tone
Bias Consistent with Real-World Skin-Tone Biases” (To appear) Intelligent
Virtual Agents 2008, Sept. 1-3, User study results show
that biases
in the real world (psychology metrics) are correlated with biases in the
virtual world (observer rated). |
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Rodriguez, H., B. Lok, D. Lind, D. Beck, "Audio Analysis of
Human/Virtual-Human Interaction" Intelligent
Virtual Agents 2008, Sept. 1-3, |
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Kotranza, A., D. Lind, C.
Pugh, and B. Lok, “Virtual Human + Tangible Interface = Mixed Reality Human.
An Initial Exploration with a Virtual Breast Exam Patient” IEEE Virtual Reality 2008, March 8-12,
Reno, NV, 99-106. Best Paper Award, IEEE VR2008 Presented a mixed reality human (virtual human that affords
touch) and the impact on social behaviors. |
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Quarles, J., Lampotang, S.,
Fischler, I., Fishwick, P., and B. Lok, “Mixed Reality Merges Abstract and
Concrete Knowledge” IEEE Virtual
Reality 2008, March 8-12, Presented the Augmented Anesthesia Machine and how the
resulting mixed reality visualization enhanced learning. |
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Quarles, J., Lampotang, S.,
Fischler, I., Fishwick, P., and B. Lok, “Tangible User Interfaces Compensate
for Low Spatial Cognition” IEEE 3D User
Interfaces 2008, March 8-9, User study that showed mixed reality interfaces can
compensate for low user small-scale or large-scale spatial cognition, thus
complementing model learning and hands-on learning approaches. |
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Raij, A., and B. Lok,
“IPSVIZ: An After-Action Review Tool for Human-Virtual Human Experiences” IEEE Virtual Reality 2008, March 8-12,
Reno, NV, 91-98. Proposed after-action reviews of human-virtual human
experiences and discussed results of user study. |
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Johnsen, K. and B. Lok, “An
Evaluation of Immersive Displays for Virtual Human Experiences” (short paper)
IEEE Virtual Reality 2008, March
8-12, User study that showed how immersion effects how
people perceive themselves in H-VH interactions. |
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Deladisma, A., Johnsen, K.,
Raij, A., Rossen, B., Kotranza, A., Kalapurakal, M., Szlam, S., Bittner, J., Sinwson, D., Lok, B., and D. Lind, “Medical Student
Satisfaction using a Virtual Patient System to Learn History-Taking and Communication
Skills” Medicine Meets Virtual Reality
(MMVR) 16. Medical students reported on the educational value
and their acceptance of an immersive virtual patient experience. |
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2007 |
Ferdig, R., Coutts, J., DiPietro, J., Lok, B., and Covers several ongoing projects that leverage
technology to teach, learn, and address multicultural concepts. |
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Johnsen, K., Raij, A., Stevens,
A., D. Lind and B. Lok (2007). "The Validity of a Virtual Human
Experience for Interpersonal Skills Education" in Proceedings of the
SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM Press, New
York, NY, 2007, 1049-1058. Tested the validity of a virtual patient experience by
comparing the same student interactions with a standardized patient. The resulting moderate correlation argues
for the use of virtual patients in educational curricula. |
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Deladisma, A.,
Cohen, M., Stevens, A., Wagner, P., Lok, B., Bernard, T., Oxendine, C.,
Schumacher, L., Johnsen, K., Dickerson, R., Raij, A., Wells, R., Duerson, M.,
Harper, J., and D. Lind. “Do Medical Students Respond Empathetically to a
Virtual Patient?” in The American Journal of Surgery. Vol 193, Issue
6, 2007. 756-760. Examined the quantity and quality of empathetic responses to virtual patient
initiated challenges. |
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Raij, K. Johnsen, R.
Dickerson, B. Lok, M. Cohen, M. Duerson, R. Pauley, A. Stevens, P. Wagner,
and D. Lind. "Comparing Interpersonal Interactions with a Virtual Human
to those with a Real Human," IEEE
Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Vol .13, No. 3,
443-457, May/June 2007. Special issue invitation of VR2006 paper. Includes results of a follow up study
(total n=50) that evaluated VPs vs. SPs.
The studies employed self-rated, expert-rated, and behavioral measures
to clearly identify how interacting with a VP is similar to and different
from interacting with a SP. |
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2006 |
Lok, B., Ferdig, R., Raij,
A., Johnsen, K., Dickerson, R., Coutts, J., Stevens, A., and D. Lind
“Applying Virtual Reality in Medical Communication Education: Current
Findings and Potential Teaching and Learning Benefits of Immersive Virtual
Patients”, Journal of Virtual Reality,
Spring London, Vol. 10, No. 3-4, 185-195. Evaluating virtual human
interactions from an educational theory perspective, this paper recaps the
first 100 VH experiences and then discusses them within the context of
educational theories of content development, sense of ownership, active
participation, social interaction, artifact creation, and reflection and
feedback. |
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Lok, B. “Teaching
Communication Skills with Virtual Humans” (Invited Article) IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,
Vol 26, No. 3, 10-13. This invited article (appearing as an article on VR
research) summarizes the first four studies (n=60) and generalizes what we
know about VH technology, what it can do, and where we can take it. |
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Raij, A, Johnsen, K,
Dickerson, R., Lok, B., Cohen, M., Stevens, A., Bernard, T., Oxendine, C.,
Wagner, P., Lind, D (2006). “Interpersonal Scenarios: Virtual ≈ Real?” IEEE Virtual Reality 2006, 59-66. A between-subjects user study (n=17) that
highlighted how interacting with a virtual human was similar to – and
different from – interacting with a real human. In a nutshell, similar: content, not
similar: delivery. |
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Dickerson, R., Johnsen, K.,
Raij, A., Lok, B., Stevens, A., Bernard, T., and D. Lind "Virtual
Patients: Assessment of Synthesized Versus Recorded Speech," Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 14,
114-119. This paper evaluated the impact of using
synthesized versus recorded speech for the virtual patient on student
perception. While the conversations
had similar content (questions were asked at the same frequency), perceptions
of the virtual patient were lower when using synthesized speech. |
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Johnsen, K., Dickerson, R., Raij,
A., Harrison, C., Lok, B., Stevens, A., and D. Lind. “Evolving an Immersive
Medical Communication Skills Trainer,” Journal
on Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, Vol 15, No. 1,
33-46. Special issue invitation of VR2005 paper. Discusses the initial virtual patients
system and then evaluates the impact of improving tracking (IR tracking
instead of color tracking), script robustness, and speech understanding. |
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Stevens, A., Hernandez, J.,
Johnsen, K., Dickerson, R., Raij, A., Presented immersive virtual patients as an augmentation
to standardized patient program and communication skills education
curriculum. |
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Kotranza, A., Quarels, J.,
Wang, X., and B. Lok (2006). “Mixed Reality: Are Two Hands Better Than One?” ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software
and Technology (VRST) 2006, Nov. 1-3, Compares preference and task performance of
completing mixed reality tasks using two hands versus one hand. |
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2005 |
Johnsen, K., Dickerson, R.,
Raij, A., Lok, B., This paper presents an immersive virtual human system
that can simulate a patient-doctor interaction and the results of a pilot
study (n=7). |
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Dickerson, R., Johnsen, K.,
Raij, A., Lok, B., Hernandez, J., Stevens, A., and D. Lind. “Evaluating a
Script-Based Approach to Simulating Patient-Doctor Interaction,” SCS 2005 International Conference on
Human-Computer Interface Advances for Modeling and Simulating (SIMCHI ’05),
79-84. This paper evaluates the speech recognition
performance for a real world H-VH interaction. The performance for a constrained
application was ~ 70% matching for utterances. |
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Wang, X., Kotranza, A., Quarels,
J., Lok, B., and D. Allen (2005). “A Pipeline for Rapidly Incorporating Real
Objects into a Mixed Environment,” (short paper) 4th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented
Reality, Presents an approach to quickly get real objects as
interfaces to virtual environments through laser scanning, attaching colored
markers, and then tracking the real object. |
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Wang, X., Kotranza, A.,
Quarels, J., Lok, B., and D. Allen (2005). “Rapidly Incorporating Real
Objects for Evaluation of Engineering Designs in a Mixed Reality
Environment.” New Directions in 3D User
Interfaces Workshop, IEEE Virtual Reality 2005, Proposes the use of mixed reality to evaluate
engineering designs. Mixed realities
ability to allow users to handle real objects would help overcome some of the
limitations to simulating hands-on engineering tasks. |
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Medical Presentations |
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2008 |
Deladisma, A., Imam, T.,
Kotranza, A., Raij, A., Bittner, J., Lok, B., Pugh, C., and D. Lind. “The Use
of Mixed Reality Humans to Teach Clinical Skills” to be presented at 47th Annual Conference on Research in
Medical Education (RIME), October 31-November 5th, 2008, San Antonio, TX. |
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Cendan, J., Miller, B.,
Wang, X., Horton, J., and B. Lok. “Development of Virtual Patient with Fixed
Cranial Nerve Pathology.” Presented at
the Southern Group on Education Affairs
2008. Using virtual patients to present abnormal
findings. |
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Craig, J., Deladisma, A.,
Gupta, M., Bittner, J., Johnsen, K., Lok, B., and D. Lind. "Novel
Integration of a Life-Sized, Immersive Virtual Instructor with a
Mannequin-Based Procedural Simulator to Teach Central Venous
Catheterization." Presented at the 8th
Annual International Meeting on Simulation in Healthcare. A virtual instructor provided instruction and
feedback on a student’s interaction with a mannequin. |
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Gupta, M., Deladisma, A., Kotranza,
A., Craig, J., Bittner, J., Johnsen, K., Lok, B., and D. Lind. "The Use
of a Virtual Character-Enhanced Simulator to Teach Breast History and
Examination Skills." Presented at the 8th Annual International Meeting on Simulation in Healthcare. Mixed
reality patients integrates a mannequin, physical simulator, and
virtual human to simulate intimate exams. |
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Deladisma, A., Gupta, M.,
Kotranza, A., Bittner, J., Imam, T., Swinson, D., Nesbit, R., Lok, B., Pugh,
C., D. Lind. "A Pilot Study to Integrate an Immersive Virtual Patient
with a Breast Complaint and Breast Exam Simulator into a Medical Student
Surgery Clerkship." Presented at Association
from Surgical Education Surgical Education Week 2008. Proposes the integration of virtual patients and
mixed reality patients to improve intimate exam simulation fidelity and
communication skill education. |
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2007 |
Mack, D., Deladisma, A.,
Bernard, T., Oxendine, C., Lok, B., and D. Lind. “Virtual Patients Reduce Anxiety and
Enhance Learning when Teaching Medical Student Sexual-History Taking Skills”,
Society for Simulation in Healthcare. Research Abstract Award 2nd place
Education Talking to a virtual patient about a breast
complaint reduces physiological measures of anxiety (blood pressure and heart
rate) when then talking to a standardized patient about a breast complaint. |
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Deladisma, A., Mack, D., Bernard,
T., Oxendine, C. Szlam, S., Wagner, P., Kruse, E., Lok, B., and D. Lind. “Virtual Patients Reduce Anxiety and
Enhance Learning when Teaching Medical Student Sexual-History Taking Skills”,
Association for Surgical Education 2007 Surgical
Education Week. Same as Society for Simulation in Healthcare
abstract |
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2006 |
Lind, D. and B. Lok (2006).
The Role of Virtual Patients in Medical Education: Teaching Tool Versus
Technological Trend. (Invited Article) Focus
on Surgical Education 2006, 23(1), 28-29. Discusses how to integrate technology research with
medical education. |
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Cohen, M., Stevens, A., Wagner,
P., Lok, B., Bernard, T., Oxendine, C. Schumacher, L., Johnsen, K.,
Dickerson, R., Raij, A., Ross, R. Duerson, M., Parimala, J., and D.S. Lind.
“How Comparable are Medical Student Empathetic Interactions in a Similar
Virtual Patient/Standardized Patient Abdominal Pain Scenario?” Southern Group on Education Affairs 2006. Objectively measures empathetic responses to
virtual humans (n=33) versus standardized patients (n=25) |
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Cohen, M.,
Stevens, A., Wagner, P., Lok, B., Bernard, T., Oxendine, C., Schumacher, L.,
Johnsen, K., Dickerson, R., Raij, A., Wells, R., Duerson, M., Harper, J., and
D. Lind. “Do Medical Students Respond Empathetically to a Virtual Patient?” Association for Surgical Education 2006
Surgical Education Week. Expert-rated empathetic responses to virtual humans
(n=20) versus standardized patients (n=8) |
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Deladisma, A., Cohen, M., Stevens, A., Wagner, P., Lok, B.,
Bernard, T., Oxendine, C., Schumacher, L., Johnsen, K., Dickerson, R., Raij,
A., Wells, R., Duerson, M., Harper, J., and D. Lind. “Do Medical Students
Respond Empathetically to a Virtual Patient?” Georgia Chapter of the Clinical Research Award 2nd place, Same as
ASE abstract. |
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Bernard, T., Stevens, A., Wagner,
P., Bernard, N., Shcumacher, L., Johnsen, K., Dickerson, R., Raij, A., Lok,
B., Duerson, M., Cohen, M., and D. Lind “A Multi-Institutional Pilot Study to
Evaluate the Use of Virtual Patients to Teach Health Professions Students
History-Taking and Communication Skills.” Society
of Medical Simulation Meeting 2006,
Vol. 1, No. 2, 1-2. Covers the logistics and difficulties of
implementing standardized virtual patient experiences at multiple
institutions. |
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Stevens, A., Cohen, M.,
Johnsen, K., Dickerson, R., Raij, A., Wells, R., Oxendine, C., Wagner, P.,
Bernard, T., Cendan, J., Duerson, M., Pauly, R., Lok, B., and D. Lind, “Implementing
a Virtual Patient (VP) into the Medical School Curriculum at the University
of Florida (UF) “ Southern Group on
Education Affairs 2006. Discusses how virtual patient technology can be
integrated into a standardized patient-based curriculum. |
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2005 |
Stevens, A., Hernandez, J.,
Johnsen, K., Dickerson, R., Raij, A., Same as American Journal of Surgery
2006 article. |
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Stevens, A., Hernandez, J.,
Johnsen, K., Dickerson, R., Raij, A., Preliminary report of the efficacy of immersive
virtual patients system for teaching communication skills. |
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